Approximately 1.25 million people in the United States are treated each year for burn injuries. Precise burn injury classification is an important aspect of the medical AI field. In this work, we propose an explainable human-in-the-loop framework for improving burn ultrasound classification models. Our framework leverages an explanation system based on the LIME classification explainer to corroborate and integrate a burn expert's knowledge -- suggesting new features and ensuring the validity of the model. Using this framework, we discover that B-mode ultrasound classifiers can be enhanced by supplying textural features. More specifically, we confirm that texture features based on the Gray Level Co-occurance Matrix (GLCM) of ultrasound frames can increase the accuracy of transfer learned burn depth classifiers. We test our hypothesis on real data from porcine subjects. We show improvements in the accuracy of burn depth classification -- from ~88% to ~94% -- once modified according to our framework.

A reduced order model of a generic submarine is presented. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are used to create and validate a model that includes depth dependence and the effect of waves on the craft. The model and the procedure to obtain its coefficients are discussed, and examples of the data used to obtain the model coefficients are presented. An example of operation following a complex path is presented and results from the reduced order model are compared to those from an equivalent CFD calculation. The controller implemented to complete these maneuvers is also presented.

This white paper lays out a vision of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence for the next decade (and beyond). Its denouement is a cyber-physical ecosystem of natural and synthetic sense-making, in which humans are integral participants$\unicode{x2014}$what we call ''shared intelligence''. This vision is premised on active inference, a formulation of adaptive behavior that can be read as a physics of intelligence, and which inherits from the physics of self-organization. In this context, we understand intelligence as the capacity to accumulate evidence for a generative model of one's sensed world$\unicode{x2014}$also known as self-evidencing. Formally, this corresponds to maximizing (Bayesian) model evidence, via belief updating over several scales: i.e., inference, learning, and model selection. Operationally, this self-evidencing can be realized via (variational) message passing or belief propagation on a factor graph. Crucially, active inference foregrounds an existential imperative of intelligent systems; namely, curiosity or the resolution of uncertainty. This same imperative underwrites belief sharing in ensembles of agents, in which certain aspects (i.e., factors) of each agent's generative world model provide a common ground or frame of reference. Active inference plays a foundational role in this ecology of belief sharing$\unicode{x2014}$leading to a formal account of collective intelligence that rests on shared narratives and goals. We also consider the kinds of communication protocols that must be developed to enable such an ecosystem of intelligences and motivate the development of a shared hyper-spatial modeling language and transaction protocol, as a first$\unicode{x2014}$and key$\unicode{x2014}$step towards such an ecology.

The use of needles to access sites within organs is fundamental to many interventional medical procedures both for diagnosis and treatment. Safe and accurate navigation of a needle through living tissue to an intra-tissue target is currently often challenging or infeasible due to the presence of anatomical obstacles in the tissue, high levels of uncertainty, and natural tissue motion (e.g., due to breathing). Medical robots capable of automating needle-based procedures in vivo have the potential to overcome these challenges and enable an enhanced level of patient care and safety. In this paper, we show the first medical robot that autonomously navigates a needle inside living tissue around anatomical obstacles to an intra-tissue target. Our system leverages an aiming device and a laser-patterned highly flexible steerable needle, a type of needle capable of maneuvering along curvilinear trajectories to avoid obstacles. The autonomous robot accounts for anatomical obstacles and uncertainty in living tissue/needle interaction with replanning and control and accounts for respiratory motion by defining safe insertion time windows during the breathing cycle. We apply the system to lung biopsy, which is critical in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We demonstrate successful performance of our system in multiple in vivo porcine studies and also demonstrate that our approach leveraging autonomous needle steering outperforms a standard manual clinical technique for lung nodule access.

现象学是对有意识经验的严格描述性研究。最近对侯赛利亚现象学形式化的尝试为我们提供了一种数学模型，这是先验知识和期望的函数。在本文中，我们通过主动推理的镜头重新检查了侯赛利亚现象学的元素。在这样做的过程中，我们旨在推进计算现象学的项目，正如主动推理的支持者最近概述的那样。我们建议，可以将胡塞尔对意识描述的关键方面映射到与主动推理方法相关的生成模型的各个方面。我们首先简要审查主动推论。然后，我们讨论了胡塞尔的现象学，重点是时间意识。最后，我们介绍了从侯赛利亚现象学到主动推断的映射。

高分辨率气象雷达图像的可用性是有效的预测和决策。在超越传统雷达覆盖范围之外，生成模型已成为一种重要的合成能力，融合更普遍的数据来源，例如卫星图像和数值天气模型，进入准确的雷达样产品。在这里，我们展示了使用量子辅助模型来增强传统卷积神经网络的方法，用于全球合成天气雷达中的生成任务。我们表明Quantum Kernels原则上可以根据相关底层数据上的古典学习机来表现出基本上更复杂的任务。我们的结果建立了合成气象雷达作为量子计算能力的有效启发式基准，并在高影响力的相关问题上设定了详细量子优势基准测试的阶段。

我们概述了新兴机会和挑战，以提高AI对科学发现的效用。AI为行业的独特目标与AI科学的目标创造了识别模式中的识别模式与来自数据的发现模式之间的紧张。如果我们解决了与域驱动的科学模型和数据驱动的AI学习机之间的“弥补差距”相关的根本挑战，那么我们预计这些AI模型可以改变假说发电，科学发现和科学过程本身。

像素盒是一种技术，广泛用于光学图像采集和光谱学，其中图像传感器的相邻检测器元件被组合成较大的像素。这减少了要处理的数据量以及噪声的影响，而是以丢失信息的成本。在这里，我们通过将大部分传感器元件组合成延伸在芯片的整个面上的单个超像素中，将钻入其限制的概念。对于给定的模式识别任务，通过使用机器学习算法从训练数据确定其最佳形状。我们展示了纳秒时间形象上的Mnist DataSet对光学投影图像的分类，增强了灵敏度，而不会损失分类准确性。我们的概念不仅限于仅成像，而且还可以应用于光学光谱或其他传感应用。

基于采样的推理技术是现代宇宙学数据分析的核心;然而，这些方法与维度不良，通常需要近似或顽固的可能性。在本文中，我们描述了截短的边际神经比率估计（TMNRE）（即所谓的基于模拟的推断的新方法）自然避免了这些问题，提高了$（i）$效率，$（ii）$可扩展性和$ （iii）推断后的后续后续的可信度。使用宇宙微波背景（CMB）的测量，我们表明TMNRE可以使用比传统马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（MCMC）方法更少模拟器呼叫的数量级来实现融合的后海后。值得注意的是，所需数量的样本有效地独立于滋扰参数的数量。此外，称为\ MEMPH {本地摊销}的属性允许对基于采样的方法无法访问的严格统计一致性检查的性能。 TMNRE承诺成为宇宙学数据分析的强大工具，特别是在扩展宇宙学的背景下，其中传统的基于采样的推理方法所需的时间级数融合可以大大超过$ \ Lambda $ CDM等简单宇宙学模型的时间。为了执行这些计算，我们使用开源代码\ texttt {swyft}来使用TMNRE的实现。

人工智能一直在全球转变产业和学术研究，研究软件开发也不例外。在研究软件开发生命周期的各个方面都应用了机器学习和深度学习，从新算法设计范例到软件开发过程。在本文中，我们讨论了我们对当今挑战和机会的看法，即AI在研究软件开发和工程师中展示了我们在佛罗里达大学的方法，正在为AI的新时代做好准备我们的劳动力。